Tool
TLS handshake byte calculator
See how key exchange and certificate size change the number of segments and round trips in a TLS 1.3 handshake. ClientHello sizes were measured; certificate and message sizes are generalized from two real measurements (RSA-2048 and ML-DSA-65) and tagged as estimates. Every row shows its tag.
Total
vs classical
Server flight
Added latency
Per-message breakdown
Classical baseline (X25519 + RSA-2048, one intermediate):
The method is explained in TLS 1.3 hybrid key exchange, measured and certificate chain bloat.